The Republic of Gallia is a country in western Europe in the Strike Witches universe, that more or less mirrors that of France. In the first season, it had been occupied by a Neuroi Hive which was later destroyed in Season 01 Episode 12, "Strike Witches*.
The Commonwealth of Britannia is a country in northwestern Europe, which is similar to modern Great Britain. It is the setting for most of the first season. Their nation's insignia seems to be a small red disk on a larger blue circle superimposed on a wider white circle outlined with another yellow circle. Britannia was the Front Line of the Neuroi War and the Battle for Gallia.
The Duchy of Romagna is a country in southern Europe in the Strike Witches universe. It occupies the southern half of the Italian peninsula, and presumably the islands of Sicily. It is the setting for Season 2. Their nation's insignia seems to be a green, white, and red flag with the white portion making a cross shape, like a combination of the Italian flag and the Savoy emblem.
The Duchy of Romagna is a country in southern Europe in the Strike Witches universe. It occupies the southern half of the Italian peninsula, and presumably the islands of Sicily. It is the setting for Season 2. Their nation's insignia seems to be a green, white, and red flag with the white portion making a cross shape, like a combination of the Italian flag and the Savoy emblem.
In the Strike Witches universe, the Imperial Government of Karlsland (帝政カールスラント?, teisei kaarusuranto) is a major power located in the center of Europe. In a sense, it is analogous to the German Empire. A militaristic nation that is constantly in a pseudo-state of war, the social status of its military personnel is high. At the same time, it is enthusiastically nationalist and, in part due the Emperor Frederick IV's neophiliace disposition, it produces many high-performance weapons by means of high-technology. Karlsland has been fighting against the Neuroi since early on and is said to boast the greatest military might in Europe. In the present war too, it has became a central military power in mankind's Allied Forces. However, currently most of its territory has fallen under the control of the Neuroi. Karlsland kept up with a desperate defensive war, but the military might of the Neuroi was overwhelming. When he concluded that it would be impossible to defend the country to the end, Emperor Frederick IV implemented the Operation Bifrost in accordance with what had been planned for some time. The Operation Bifrost consisted of two operations - the Small Bifrost and the Great Bifrost. In the Small Bifrost, the imperial capital Berlin was abandoned and the residents in the area were made to escape from the Neuroi's predicted course. In the Great Bifrost, the entire Karlsland was evacuated, taking shelter in the Neue Karlsland that was under construction in South Liberion. Afterwards, it began amassing its its remaining forces and engaging into recapture operations. Karlsland is the first in doing things like promptly forming Witch teams. Ironically, the reason why it can continue to deploy many Witches to Joint Fighter teams in various places is because it lost a country to protect. Most Witches from Karlsland wear Nazi Nazi Germany-inspired uniforms, such as Erica's Luftwaffe uniform and Minna's Wehrmacht uniform. Its national insignia is a black "X" (most likely intended as a censored version of the Nazi swastika).